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grands motets
The grand motet (plural grands motets) was a genre of motet cultivated at the height of the French baroque, although the term dates from later French usage. At the time the works were typically described as ''motet pour deux choeurs'' - motet for double choir.
==Form of a grand motet==
In the context of French baroque music the grand motet primarily contrasted with the petit motet. The first distinction is evident in the name; the ''grand'' form was truly ''grand'' (big) in proportion calling for double choirs and massed orchestral forces, whereas the ''petit'' form was a chamber genre for 1 or 2 solo voices, 1 or 2 solo instruments, and basso continuo - the basso continuo typically provided by the harpsichord at home or organ in a smaller church. These two French baroque motet types are also very distinct from the medieval motets of Dufay and renaissance motets of Lassus, and the German motet style of J. S. Bach. The French motet type was also connected to, and determined by, the occasion and venue; whereas the grand motet was cultivated at Versailles, the Chapelle royale; the petit motet - unless accompanying a larger event, could also be for private often domestic devotions. The texts varied also; a grand motet was generally a Latin psalm, ''hymne'', Biblical ''cantique'' or Dies irae, while the petit motet could be shorter Latin verses from a variety of religious sources.
The grand motet also had a set of stylistic conventions, even if some of the distinctive musical conventions of the grand motet - such as entrusting the initial intonation to a soloist - were not new.〔Juan José Carreras López, Bernardo José García García, Tess Knighton ''The Royal Chapel in the time of the Habsburgs: music and ceremony'' 2005 p55 "Another characteristic of the grand motet - the initial intonation entrusted to a soloist - already existed in motets by Etienne Moulinié. Thus, the grand motet would consist of the accumulation of new and different elements (chorus, ..."〕 The grand motet also had operatic contrast, so a grand motet was a sequence of autonomous numbers (numeros) much like choruses, arias and recitative in Italian then French baroque opera.〔Howard E. Smither ''A history of the oratorio'' 1977 p418 "The grand motet reveals Italian influence in its use of polychoral, concertato, and recitative styles;"〕 The operatic effect was a part of the embellishment of the Sun King's splendour.〔Howard E. Smither ''A history of the oratorio'' 1977 p418 "Contributing to the image of brilliant majesty with which Louis XIV wished to be identified, these grands motets served to ..."〕
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